<p>St. Martin&#39;s Church is a historic Episcopal Church  church at 50 Orchard Avenue in Providence, Rhode Island. It is located next door to Temple Beth-El, a Reform Synagogue.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was established in 1885 and the Gothic Revival church building was constructed in 1917 to a design by Clarke & Howe to replace an earlier wooden building. It is a granite structure with a squat square three-stage tower at its southeast corner. The parish house, attached to the main building&#39;s northeast corner, is a Tudor Revival structure added in 1925.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Stained glass window</h2><br>
<p>The church features a stained glass window scene of namesake St. Martin cutting off half of his cloak to give to a beggar. The windows of the church were designed by Boston window designer Harry E. Goodhue and his wife, Mary, and installed in 1919. A restoration of the windows was undertaken by an Attleboro studio, during the winter of 2014–2015. The entire window was removed from the wall, then individual pieces were removed, cleaned, reassembled, and re-leaded onto new metal frames.</p><br>
<p>Shakespeare Hall  is an historic commercial building at 128 Dorrance Street in downtown Providence, Rhode Island. It is a six-story masonry structure, originally built as a three-story Greek Revival structure in 1838 to a design by Tallman & Bucklin. Its main facade has retained the massive granite pilasters and five-bay configuration from this period. Originally built to house a theater, the building suffered a massive fire in 1844, leaving only its exterior shell standing. It was afterward rebuilt to its present height, and a separate brick building at its rear was incorporated into its structure in the late 19th century. It was used as a warehouse in the 1860s, and has also housed light industrial operations. Today, the building is used largely for law office space.</p><br>
<p>The hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Shepard Company Building is a historic building at 255 Westminster Street and 72-92 Washington Street in downtown Providence, Rhode Island. A prominent landmark, it housed Shepards, Providences most prestigious department store, and one of the largest in New England, from 1903 to 1974, beginning as a single building built in the 1870s at Clemence and Washington and continually expanding until it occupied the entire block between Westminster, Clemence, Washington and Union Streets.</p><br>
<p>After Shephards closed, the building stood vacant for almost 20 years, until the Providence Preservation Society organized a charrette to determine the buildings future. As a result, the building was bought by the State of Rhode Island, and is now the location of the Providence Campus of the University of Rhode Island, the Rhode Island Department of Education, and other state offices and education-related facilities.</p><br>
<p>__TOC__</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building grew in stages, starting as a modest three-story Italianate structure at the corner of Clemence and Washington in 1880. Beginning in 1896 the company embarked on a rapid expansion, designed by Martin & Hall, which was largely completed by 1903. By 1909, the store boasted of having a restaurant which could serve 4100, a laundry, a refrigerating and ice-making plant, a fur storage room, and a complete printing plant.</p><br>
<p>The building was struck by fire in March 1923, causing over one million dollars worth of damage, but rebuilt under Hall&#39;s supervision.</p><br>
<p>The department store&#39;s business was hurt by the development of suburbs and shopping malls in the 1960s. The store closed for good in 1974. During the next few years the building was leased to various tenants, and was vacant by the early 1990s.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In the 1990s the Providence Preservation Society organized a charrette to determine the building&#39;s future.</p><br>
<p>In 1993, it was announced that the landmark building was purchased by the Rhode Island Port Authority for "nearly $2.3 million." The announced plan was to open a history museum on the first two floors, to be operated by the Rhode Island Heritage Center. The remainder of the building would be used as office space for up to 500 state workers, including the state Environmental Management Department, the Council on the Arts, and the Library Services department.</p><br>
<p>When the University of Rhode Island faced losing the space its Providence Campus was using in the Providence Place mall, it decided to move into the Shepard Company Building. The 1996 rehabilitation and renovation of the building to accommodate the school was designed by David Presbrey, and included another sidewalk clock on Washington Street.</p><br>
<p>The building is currently owned by the State of Rhode Island and houses not only URI&#39;s Alan Feinstein Campus, but also the Rhode Island Department of Education, and other state offices.</p><br>
<p>The Sludge Press House was an historic wastewater treatment facility building at the Fields Point Sewage Treatment Plant at Fields Point, Rhode Island in Providence, Rhode Island. It was a two-story brick structure, located near the center of the Fields Point facility, just east of the Chemical Building. It was about 138 x in size, with a hip roof, and was built 1899-1901 as part of Providences first wastewater treatment system. It housed the facilities used at the end of the treatment process by which remaining solids were dewatered and compressed before final disposal.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989, at which time it was described as being in deteriorated condition. It has since been demolished.</p><br>
<p>The Smith Hill Library-A Community Library of Providence is one of the branch libraries of the Providence, Rhode Island, public library system. It is located at 31 Candace Street, in a single-story brick building designed by Albert Harkness and built in 1932 by contractor Clifford K. Rathbone. Stylistically the building is a mixture of Colonial Revival and Moderne features. The Smith Hill branch began as a delivery station in 1907, and had grown to occupy leased space, with an annual circulation of more than 70,000, by 1929. Circulation rose rapidly after the building&#39;s completion, reaching 119,000 in just three years. The building continues to act as a significant local community resource.</p><br>
<p>The library was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Smith Street Primary School is an historic school at 396 Smith Street in Providence, Rhode Island. It is a large -story brick structure with a cross-gable roof. It was designed in Queen Anne style by William R. Walker & Son and built in 1885. The building occupies its site at an unusual angle, partially overhanging the sidewalk, and has an asymmetrical interior, a departure from the other schools the Walkers designed for the city.</p><br>
<p>It was used as a school facility until 1967, and then housed administrative offices for twenty years. By the early 1980s it was in use as the Smith Hill Center—a non-profit neighborhood community service agency.</p><br>
<p>It is one of three (out of fifteen) surviving schools built by the city in the 1880s.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>South Providence Library—A Community Library of Providence is an historic branch library building at 441 Prairie Avenue in Providence, Rhode Island. The main portion of the building is a single-story brick Colonial Revival structure, designed by Wallis Howe and built in 1930. Due to the constraints of the lot, Howe&#39;s otherwise standard design  was altered to place the building gable-end to the street. The street-facing facade has been obscured by a two-level glass-faced modern addition.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The David Sprague House is an historic house in Providence, Rhode Island. The house was built in 1839 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was originally located at 263 Public Street, which was then a "rural hinterland" with few residences. When the horsecar line was introduced to the South Providence neighborhood in 1865, the house became surrounded by larger Victorian style houses. By the mid-1930s, the neighborhood was "noted for its antiquity and quaint architecture." However, forty years later the neighborhood fell into disrepair, leaving the Sprague House as the neighborhood&#39;s most well-preserved landmark. This led the Providence Preservation Society to nominate the building for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>By the 1990s, the Sprague House, now falling into disrepair, was named on the Providence Preservation Society&#39;s "Most Endangered List" in 1998, 1999, and 2000.</p><br>
<p>Around 2000, the decaying building was restored, and moved to a new location at 7 Harvard Avenue, which was deemed "more suitable."</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Roman Catholic Church is a historic church at 86 Hope Street in Providence, Rhode Island within the Diocese of Providence.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St. Josephs was designed by the noted Irish-born architect, Patrick C. Keely and built in 1851–53. It is a large rectangular structure with a steeply pitched gable roof, and a square tower protruding from the front facade. It is faced in ashlar stone with brownstone trim. The sides are supported in part by buttresses. The building is the oldest Roman Catholic Church built of stone in the state. St. Marys Church, a wood-frame structure dating to 1844 in the Crompton section of the town of West Warwick, is the oldest Catholic church in Rhode Island.</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Broadway actor and dancer George M. Cohan was baptized at the church in 1878.</p><br>
<p>St. Michael&#39;s Roman Catholic Church, Convent, Rectory, and School is an historic Roman Catholic church complex at 251 Oxford Street in Providence, Rhode Island within the Diocese of Providence.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The main church building is a large structure of red brick with red-sandstone trim. The Lower (basement) Church was designed by Martin & Hall. The Upper Church (nave and tower) was designed by Ambrose J. Murphy. The complete structure was built over a 25-year period ending in 1915. The rectory, located east of the church, was designed by Ambrose Murphy and built in 1924–25, and is also faced in red brick. The convent stands west of the church; it is a -story red-brick structure also designed by Murphy and built in 1929. Behind the convent stands the school building, which faces Gordon Avenue. It is a two-story red-brick building. The first church building built for St Michaels parish was completed in 1868. It was designed by Ambrose Murphys uncle, James Murphy (architect). After completion of the new church, it became the Parish Hall. Unfortunately, it was destroyed by an arson fire in the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>Congregation</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was founded in 1859, and served mostly Irish immigrants on the South Side of Providence. In the 1960s, the neighborhood transformed as white residents moved away to the suburbs and newcomers of various ethnicities moved in.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970&#39;s, St. Michaels became known as a multicultural parish with a support for progressive organizations and policies. Social justice activist Sister Ann Keefe and members of the church helped found various progressive causes and hosted meetings for progressive organizations. As more immigrants arrived, the church hosted masses in English, Hmong, Spanish, Haitian Creoloe, and Kirundi, a language spoken in Rwanda and Burundi. The church welcomed Catholics who disagreed with the Catholic Church’s teachings on issues such as gay rights and abortion.</p><br>
<p>In 2020, Sister Joyce Flowers and pastor Father Robert Paul Perron died, and the church was put under new, more conservative, leadership. Many congregants saw the new leadership as less inclusive and lacking the previous commitment to social justice. The Providence Journal reported in 2023 that "at least 100 people have left St. Michael’s since 2020".</p><br>
<p>The State Arsenal, originally the Providence Marine Corps of Artillery Arsenal, and commonly called the Benefit Street Arsenal is a historic armory building located at 176 Benefit Street in the College Hill neighborhood of Providence, Rhode Island. It was built in 1839, was designed by Russell Warren in the Gothic Revival style, and was built by Tallman & Bucklin.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The arsenal was designed in 1839 by Russell Warren and built by Tallman & Bucklin, all of Providence.</p><br>
<p>In the 19th century the arsenal was used as the armory of the Providence Marine Corps of Artillery (PMCA) and associated artillery units in the Rhode Island Militia and was used as the mobilization site for 10 batteries of light artillery which were raised in Rhode Island during the American Civil War. In addition to the PMCA the arsenal was used by a number of organizations including the Grand Army of the Republic, Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War and United Spanish War Veterans.</p><br>
<p>The building originally sat one lot south of its current location, where its parking lot is today, but was moved in 1906 when a railroad tunnel was built under that site.</p><br>
<p>In April 1920, the Rhode Island General Assembly earmarked $3,800 for the purpose of repairing the arsenal.</p><br>
<p>On May 17, 1924, the Ku Klux Klan held an illegal meeting at the arsenal which attracted about 200 men. Governor William S. Flynn denounced the KKK and forbade the group from meeting on state property.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 28, 1970.</p><br>
<p>In the 1980s the arsenal was in use by the Rhode Island National Guard&#39;s Education, Historical and Equal Opportunity offices.</p><br>
<p>As of 2008 the arsenal was in use as the location for the annual presentation of the Order of St. Barbara to soldiers of the 103d Field Artillery Regiment of the Rhode Island National Guard. It also serves as the headquarters of the PMCA (the de facto 103d Field Artillery veterans association) and houses a diverse collection of military artifacts.</p><br>
<p>The Stimson Avenue Historic District is a residential historic district on the east side of Providence, Rhode Island. It includes all of Stimson Avenue and Diman Place, as well as adjacent properties on Angell Street on the south and Hope Street on the west, forming a relatively compact rectangular area. This area was developed roughly between 1880 and 1900, and features a collection of high-quality Queen Anne and Colonial Revival houses, with a few earlier Italianate houses at its edges. Among the finest is 19 Stimson Avenue, built in 1890 to a design by Stone, Carpenter & Willson; it is stylistically transitional between Queen Anne and Colonial Revival, featuring elaborate woodwork and a large number of exterior surface finishes, in a predominantly symmetrical Colonial Revival form. The only non-residential structure is the 1893 brick Central Congregational Church at 296 Angell Street.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It was designated a Providence Historic District in 1981, protecting the properties in the district from inappropriate alteration.</p><br>
<p>The Summit Historic District is a residential historic district in northeastern Providence, Rhode Island. It is bounded on the east by Summit Avenue, the south by Rochambeau Avenue, the west by Camp Street, and the north by Memorial Road and Creston Way. It contains 155 houses, most of which were built between 1918 and 1938. The area was annexed by Providence in 1874 and platted out of farmland in 1916, and represents a typical suburban development of the period. Most of these houses are set on lots between 4,500 and 5,500 square feet in size, although there are some double lots. Single family homes predominate, with a number of two- and three-family houses present. Architecturally the houses are heterogeneous, with styles ranging from the late Queen Anne to the Colonial and Tudor Revivals. The only significant non-residential structure in the district is Temple Beth Shalom at 120 Rochambeau Avenue, which does not contribute to its significance.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Trinity Square Historic District is a historic district in the Elmwood neighborhood of Providence, Rhode Island. It includes four properties on the south and west side of Trinity Square, the triangular junction of Elmwood Avenue and Broad Street. The visual focal points of the district are the Grace Church Cemetery, which is located south of the square, and the Trinity United Methodist Church, an imposing Gothic Revival structure built in the mid-1860s to a design by Clifton A. Hall. North of the church stands the Clifton Hall Duplex, designed and occupied by Hall, and the James Potter House, an elaborate Queen Anne mansion built c. 1889 and designed by Stone, Carpenter & Willson.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Grace Church Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>Grace Church cemetery is a triangular parcel of land located at the intersection of Broad Street and Elmwood Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery holds approximately 9000 graves, including many members of Grace Church including its rector and the first Episcopal Bishop of Rhode Island, John Prentiss Kewley Henshaw, as well as nationally prominent architect Russell Warren who was a member of the church and architect of the first Grace Church (1828). It is likely he designed this cemetery, chartered in 1834, as well as the two key buildings that serve it: the Greek Revival Granite Storage Crypt (c. 1850) as well as the Carpenter Gothic Gatekeeper&#39;s House (c. 1859). It was described in the plans for the cemetery in the original charter plan.</p><br>
<p>It has been listed as one of Rhode Island&#39;s "most endangered properties" by the Providence Preservation Society for several years. It is a frequent target of vandalism, with many toppled and broken gravestones.</p><br>
<p>Recently, the unmarked graves of soprano Matilda Sissieretta Joyner Jones, as well as her mother were located and marked with a granite gravestone by Warren Monument Company.</p><br>
<p>More information on Grace Church Cemetery can be found at www.gracechurchcemeteryri.org.</p><br>
<p>The Union Trust Company Building is a historic building at 170 Westminster Street and 62 Dorrance Street in downtown Providence, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It is a twelve-story steel-framed structure, faced in brick and stone. Originally four bays deep, it was expanded to seven bays in 1920. It was designed by Stone, Carpenter & Willson and built in 1901–02 to house the offices of the Union Trust Company, which occupied the first two floors and leased the remaining space. The exterior of the first two floors is treated differently than the upper floors, with a tall first floor whose windows are separated by stone pilasters, and heavily quoined corners. The second floor windows are set within round-arch openings with elaborate keystones. The upper levels are finished predominantly in brick, with marble trim; the third story receives a somewhat more elaborate treatment. The interior banking hall (on the first floor) was noted for its particularly sumptuous decoration.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>In 2016, a New York developer signed a contract for $2.5 million in state historic preservation tax credits. The developer plans to "convert the building to a mix of business and restaurant on the first two floors and rooftop, and apartment use on all other floors."</p><br>
<p>The Wanskuck Library—A Community Library of Providence is an historic branch library building at 233 Veazie Street in Providence, Rhode Island. It is a single-story brick and stone structure, built in 1928, replacing an earlier library building which had originally housed a library established by the Wanskuck Mill Company for its employees. The building was designed by Clarke & Howe, and is an excellent local example of Colonial Revival design, with a tetrastyle entrance portico. It was the first of ten libraries built based on Howe designs.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Wanskuck Historic District is a historic district in the city of Providence, Rhode Island encompassing a mill village with more than two hundred years of history. As early as the mid-18th century, mills stood on the West River in northern Providence, a development which continued with the rise of industrialization in the 19th century. The mill village of Wanskuck is organized around three thoroughfares: Branch Street, Veazie Street, and Woodward Road, and is roughly bounded on the east by Louisquisset Pike  and to the northwest by the city line with North Providence. The West River runs through the district, with its banks lined by two late-19th-century mill complexes. The village area includes a variety of examples of mill worker housing, from duplexes to rowhouses, as well as two church complexes and a community hall built in 1884 by the Wanskuck Company.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Washington Park Sewage Pumping Station is an historic wastewater pumping facility in Providence, Rhode Island. Its principal visible component is a concrete block structure, finished in stucco and topped by a hip roof, which is about 16 x. This building stands atop a large cast-in-place concrete well, in which pumps and gate valves are housed. The facility was built in 1911 to pump raw sewage from the low-lying Washington Park area to the Field&#39;s Point wastewater treatment facility, which lies about 1,000 ft to the north. The pump station is located well back from the street, behind a low brick distribution facility. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Washington Park Sewage Pumping Station was designed under the supervision of Otis F. Clapp, the then-current Office of City Engineer for Providence. The construction was also overseen by Frederick O. Clapp, Assistant Engineer.</p><br>
<p>The pump serves an area of roughly 83 acre with the intention to serve up to six thousand residents and storm drainage needs. The sewer system for the Washington Park district was ordered on July 31, 1912, and completed by October 16, 1913. By the end of 1913, the sewer system leading to the pump system comprised about 3.25 mi of regular sewers and 0.75 mi of storm drain sewers with another 0.25 mi of sewer between the pump and the Field&#39;s Point plant.</p><br>
<p>In 1915, it was estimated that 17,000,000 gal of sewage was pumped by the pumping station. About 225 houses were connected to the sewer system that lead to the pumping station, but it was reported that due to the sewer system that it furthered the demand for "higher quality homes" in the area.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Washington Park Sewage Pumping Station is historically significant as part of Providence&#39;s community planning and development in regards to the processing and treatment of sewage for the growing city. Re-annexed by Providence in 1868, the Washington Park area remained largely undeveloped until public transportation made the area accessible. Continuous residential growth from the late 1890s into the 1930s required the extension of the sewage system. It is a representative example of city planning for sewage treatment with a longstanding functionality with its structural integrity. The facility was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Wesleyan Avenue Historic District is a residential historic district in the Elmwood section of Providence, Rhode Island. It includes 25 houses, on a one-block section of Wesleyan Avenue between Taylor and Broad Streets, with a few of them on the two end streets. They are large two-plus story wood-frame houses, set on modest lot, all of which were built between 1875 and 1900. The houses are in a diversity of styles popular at that time, including Second Empire, Stick style, and Queen Anne. The district includes what is one of Providence&#39;s finest Stick style houses, the Samuel Darling House at 53 Wesleyan Avenue. It was built in 1885, and displays a wealth of applied wood work, decorative shingling, and intricately carved porch details.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Westminster Street Historic District is a commercial historic district consisting of six buildings along the north side of Westminster Street in Providence, Rhode Island, a short way west of Interstate 95. Three of the buildings are located just west of Dean Street, while the other three are just to its east. Five of the six buildings were constructed between 1870 and 1900, and the sixth in 1933. These five, the most prominent of which is the Burrows Block are uniformly built of brick and masonry, while the Chiapinelli Block, at the eastern end of the district, is an Art Deco office building with a concrete main facade and brick sidewalls.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Josephine White Block is an historic mixed-use commercial and residential building at 737-739 Cranston Street in the Elmwood section of southern Providence, Rhode Island, United States. It is a three-story structure with a stamped-metal facade, and sidewalls of brick  and clapboard . It was built c. 1894 for Josephine White, a widow who lived nearby, and houses two storefronts in the first level and four living units above. The metal facade is the only known local installation of the St. Louis, Missouri-based Mesker Brothers, a nationally known manufacturer of metal architectural elements.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Winsor–Swan–Whitman Farm is an historic house at 416 Eaton Street in Providence, Rhode Island. The farmhouse was built in 1742 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>When it was constructed in 1742, the property was located on the northwest limit of the Providence city line, in a region commonly referred to as Elmhurst. At the time, the area was sparsely populated and "primarily agricultural and had little in common with commercial Providence." As a result, in 1765, the northwestern Mt. Pleasant and Elmhurst areas of the city became part of North Providence. It is now located just west of the Providence College campus.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural styles and context</h2><br>
<p>The original portion of the house, constructed in 1742, is built in the Cape Cod style, which was prominent at the time. Cape Cod style homes were made popular by English colonists who came to America in the 17th century. The style resembled half-timbered houses of England, but the colonists adapted the style to account for inclement New England weather. The building is typical of traditional colonial era Cape Cod Houses in that it is one and a half stories tall, features a steeped roof with side gables, a large central chimney, and a symmetrical facade with a door in the center.</p><br>
<p>The house&#39;s 1815 addition reflects the Georgian Colonial architectural style. It is square and symmetrical in shape, and features a medium pitched roof with a minimal overhang, and a decorative crown over the central door. This section of the house is often mistakenly cited to be of the Federal Style. However, Georgian homes are more square and angular, and Federal style buildings are more likely to have curved, decorative flourishes. Typically, American Federal houses have low-pitched or flat roofs, and feature a semicircular fanlight window, or roof over front door. These features are not present on the addition.</p><br>
<p>Originally developed in England, the Georgian Style was very popular in New England, and the Eastern Seaboard of the United States, between 1700 and 1785. As architectural historian Leland Roth explains, colonists&#39; "increasing wealth resulted in more frequent travel to England, and an increased awareness among wealthy colonials of what their English counterparts were doing." As a result, wealthy builders hired skilled craftsmen to come over from England, and numerous architectural treatises and pattern books became popular during the time. All these factors increased the popularity of the Georgian style.</p><br>
<p>The property includes, in addition to the main house, a carriage house, corn crib, well house, schoolhouse and workshop.</p><br>
<p>The South Street Station  is an historic electrical power generation station at 360 Eddy Street in Providence, Rhode Island. The structure has since been redeveloped and is now used as an administrative office and academic facility by a number of local universities.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The structure is a massive brick and stone building, constructed in stages between 1912 and 1952. Despite its phased construction, the 58,000 ft&sup2; building has fairly consistent Classical Revival styling. The building, an excellent example of early 20th-century power plant design, burned coal to provide electrical power to the city. It was gradually taken over by the more modern Manchester Street Station and was decommissioned in 1995.</p><br>
<h3>Redevelopment</h3><br>
<p>Following the stations decommissioning, the Rhode Island Historical Society planned to convert the building into a museum. As planned, the Heritage Harbor Museum would have been a Smithsonian Affiliate museum devoted to Rhode Islands history and culture. Construction began in 2007 on a combined museum and hotel, but the project was cancelled in 2009 due to lack of funding. The building sat vacant and decaying for many years.</p><br>
<p>In 2014, Boston developer CV Properties began redeveloping the structure for use by Brown University, Rhode Island College, and University of Rhode Island. The project cost an estimated $220 million and received roughly $27 million and $22 million in state and federal tax credits. The project was completed in 2017. The property was purchased by Chicago–based real investment trust Ventas later that year.</p><br>
<p>River House—an adjacent 270-bed housing complex—opened in the summer of 2019. In October 2019, the station received the Richard H. Driehaus Foundation National Preservation Award, which recognizes preservation and adaptive reuse projects.</p><br>
<p>The Austin Farm Road Agricultural Area is a rural historic district in Exeter, Rhode Island. The district is bounded on the east by Interstate 95, on the north by the town line, on the south by Austin Farm Road, and on the west by a north-south line through Austin Farm Pond. This agricultural area is relatively little altered since the late 19th century, despite the proximity of the interstate. It includes the farm complex built up by John Austin in the 19th century, which continues to see active use, and the site of an older farm complex, reduced to just the farmhouse, which predates Austin&#39;s acquisition of the property. In addition to the farm buildings, it includes a chapel and school house built or maintained by Austin .</p><br>
<p>The area was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Babcock House is a historic house also known as Whistling Chimneys, located on Main Street in the Quonochontaug section of Charlestown, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The oldest portion of this -story wood-frame house is estimated to have been built sometime in the first two decades of the 18th century. It is similar to the Sheffield House, whose construction dates to 1685–1713. This house is believed to have been built by a member of the Stanton family, who also built the Sheffield House, possibly as a trading post. The house has an asymmetrical facade, the result of numerous alterations, but the original main block of the house has a massive central chimney, with two rooms on the right and one large chamber on the left. Additions in the 20th century have added rooms to the rear of the house, retaining the fabric of the main portion, and raising the roof to a full two stories.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Baptist Church in Exeter, also known as Chestnut Hill Baptist Church, is a historic building located in Exeter, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<p>The church building was constructed in 1838 in a Greek Revival style. The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1978. Mercy Brown, an alleged vampire, was buried in the Chestnut Hill Baptist Church cemetery in 1892 and later exhumed.</p><br>
<p>MercyBrownGravestone.jpgMercy Brown gravestone in Chestnut Hill Baptist Church Cemetery</p><br>
<p>Grange in Exeter Rhode Island.jpgGrange Hall adjacent to the church</p><br>
<p>Black Farm, also known as the Isaac Collins Farm, is a historic farm in Hopkinton, Rhode Island bounded by Woodville Alton Road  and Wood Road. The 264 acre plot was developed by John Collins beginning in 1710 and saw agricultural use for over 200 years. The main house dates to the late 18th century, and is a 1-1/2 story gambrel-roofed post-and-beam structure. Outbuildings include 19th century barns, a corn crib, and a guest cottage added in the 1930s. Set some distance off from this complex is the foundational remains of what was probably an ice house; it consists of granite blocks and is eight feet high.</p><br>
<p>The state of Rhode Island purchased the farm in 1991. A lot containing the farmstead complex was sold into private hands with a preservation easement, and the rest of the farm property is now conservation land. The farm was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Old Narragansett Church  is a historic Episcopal church located at 60 Church Lane in Wickford, Rhode Island, believed to be the oldest Episcopal church building in the Northeastern United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church congregation was founded in 1706 as St. Paul&#39;s Church and was established by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (SPG). The original congregation consisted of 17 landholder families. The Rev. Samuel Fayerweather closed the church in 1774 due to the American Revolutionary War, and in 1780 the SPG withdrew its support for Fayerweather because of his support for the American cause.</p><br>
<p>The church re-formed by the Rev. William Smith in 1787 after a thirteen-year hiatus. In 1799 the congregants voted to move the church to its present location in Wickford.</p><br>
<p>On April 11, 1756, the infant "son of Gilbert Stewart ye Snuff Grinder" was baptized in the church. The child later changed his name to Gilbert Stuart and grew up to be known as one of America&#39;s foremost portraitists.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The church building was constructed in 1707, about five miles southwest of Wickford, on what is now Pendar Road. At the time, this road was expected to become the main route between Boston and New York, but this never came to pass. After some time the neighborhood became scarcely populated, and in 1800 the church was disassembled and moved to its current location.</p><br>
<p>The church contains box pews, a balcony, and an organ built in 1680 by Bernard Smith, which is among the oldest organs still used in services in the United States. The church had a steeple attached to its western end from 1811 to 1846, but the steeple was not strong enough to hold the swinging bell, and it collapsed.</p><br>
<p>The Episcopal Diocese of Rhode Island currently owns the building, and it is administered by a trust which has representatives of the modern Saint Pauls Church in Wickford. A more modern church building, known as St. Pauls Church, was built nearby in 1847. Currently the congregation of St. Paul&#39;s meets in the Old Narragansett Church during the summer months.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 and has a small churchyard cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The George Fayerweather Blacksmith Shop is an historic homestead and blacksmith shop at 1859 Mooresfield Road on the eastern outskirts of the Kingston Historic District in South Kingstown, Rhode Island. It was the home of George Fayerweather, an African-American blacksmith and his family, including his wife Sarah Harris Fayerweather. The shop was built in 1820 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The property is maintained by the Kingston Improvement Association, a non-profit organization of local residents, and is now the home of the Fayerweather Craft Guild and the Kingston Garden Club.</p><br>
<p>Fayerweather House HABS RI1.jpgFayerweather shop in 1940, before its restoration</p><br>
<p>Theatre-By-the-Sea is a historic theater and playhouse at Cards Pond Road in South Kingstown, Rhode Island. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Theatre By The Sea has had many incarnations over the years. Between 1928 and 1933, Mrs. Alice Jaynes Tyler ran a camp for girls on the property of her summer home. The Great Depression quickly limited the market for summer camps, so she decided to create jobs by turning the old shingled barn into a theater. She teamed up with Russian defector and actor Leo Bulgakoff, cockney producer Leslie Spiller, and lighting designer Abe Feder, and the 300-seat barn theater came to life on August 7, 1933.</p><br>
<p>The next 35 years brought numerous changes. On September 21, 1938, the New England Hurricane of 1938 caused extensive damage which led to the first major alterations. The theater was cut in half with a hand saw, the box office was pulled forward by a dump truck, and a new section of theater and a balcony were added. During World War II, the theater sat mostly unused, but it did became a target for military planes to practice their diving maneuvers, andit sporadically played as a movie house. By 1947, Theatre by the Sea was again in full swing and entered into a long and fruitful stretch that lasted for almost 10 years. Famous stars that played there include Marlon Brando, Carol Channing, Groucho Marx, Tallulah Bankhead, Mae West, Judy Holiday, Shelley Winters, and many others. After the death of Mrs. Tyler in 1951, Hurricane Carol in 1954, and a “dark” summer in 1959, the theater closed in 1963, leaving its future uncertain.</p><br>
<p>In 1967, press agent and producer Tommy Brent saved the theater from demolition by mere hours. He was able to run the theater for 22 years, but the property was in serious need of repair and renovation. The entertainment company FourQuest took over the theater in 1988 and became the third owner of the property. They made extensive renovations that fall and winter, then reopened the theater in the spring of 1989 and continued until the fall of 2003. The theater closed again until Massachusetts businessman and movie theater owner William Hanney purchased the property, hoping to continue the tradition of theater at this historic Rhode Island landmark. Since Hanneys acquisition of the theater, it has been billed as "Bill Hanneys Theatre by the Sea". From 2007 to 2012, shows at Theatre by the Sea were produced by the Ocean State Theatre Company. In 2013, Hanney and the production company Matunuck Live Theatre assumed production responsibilities.</p><br>
<p>Armours Warehouse, also known as the Seneca Grain Elevator or the Hogans North Elevator, is a historic grain elevator located in the village of Seneca, Illinois, United States. The elevator and two surrounding outbuildings were listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The grain elevator, known as Armour&#39;s Warehouse, was constructed in 1861&ndash;62 on the north bank of the Illinois-Michigan Canal in Seneca, Illinois. It was built by John Armour and remained in the Armour family for a short time before passing through different owners. Though not the first grain elevator in Seneca, it is the only historic grain elevator still standing in the village.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The Seneca Grain Elevator consists of a 65 ft grain elevator or "elevating warehouse" which rises four stories above its basement. The 40 ft by 80 ft structure dominates the site and overlooks downtown Seneca. Between 1924&ndash;39 corrugated metal siding was added to the building as a fire prevention measure.</p><br>
<h2>Outbuildings</h2><br>
<p>In total there are five separate buildings, including the grain elevator, on the site of Armour&#39;s Warehouse. An 1883 spur of railroad track remains on the north side of the elevator; the tracks lead to a dump shed connected to a c. 1940 corn crib. Also on the property are an office with an attached scale house dating from 1892, and two seed warehouses. One seed warehouse dates from after 1947 while the other dates from the earlier 1940s.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>The Seneca Grain Elevator is the oldest remaining grain elevator along the banks of the Illinois-Michigan Canal, a USA National Historic Landmark District. It is historically significant in a local context commercially and in attracting the railroad to Seneca. On a broader level, it illustrates the economic importance of the Illinois-Michigan Canal for transporting grain products. Armour&#39;s Warehouse was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on November 7, 1997. Included in the listing as contributing properties were the 1892 office building and attached scale house, and the older of the two seed warehouses.</p><br>
<p>The Virginia Park Historic District is located on the north side of New Center, an area in Detroit, Michigan, along both sides of Virginia Park Street from Woodward Avenue to the John C. Lodge Freeway access road. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Virginia Park Historic District is an example of a well–preserved late nineteenth to early twentieth century residential community. The residences are testimonials to the wealth of early Virginia Park residents, as the area was conceived as an upper-middle class enclave. Many homes were completed by prominent Detroit architects, and display a diversity of architectural styles.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The district was laid out in 1893 by developed by John W. Leggett, Frank E. Snow, and Joseph C. Hough. Ninety-two lots were platted and each given a name (such as Tanglewood, Thisteldown, and Sorrento) in the original plat. The developers placed a number of restrictions on the area to ensure an attractive community. This quiet boulevard attracted a mix of businessmen and professionals. The first houses were constructed in 1895. By 1908 more than two dozen houses had been constructed in the district.</p><br>
<p>By 1910, homeowners became concerned about the effect of the increasing commercialization of Woodward Avenue on property values, and they formed the Virginia Avenue Improvement Association. The association proposed to re-landscape the subdivision, and it developed an attractive entrance to the community. The neighborhood continued to thrive during the 1920s. It suffered in the 1930s from the Great Depression, the effects of which continued through the 1940s.</p><br>
<p>By the 1950s and 1960s, many of the houses had absentee landlords, or were divided into rooming houses. The Algiers Motel, at one time located at the corner of Virginia Park and Woodward, was the scene of an incident of police brutality during the 1967 Detroit riot where three men were killed and others were beaten.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, General Motors announced its plan to renovate the area north of its World Headquarters. This fostered rehabilitation in the Virginia Park district. The Algiers Motel was demolished in 1979, and replaced with a park space. The Virginia Park Historic District is considered to mark the northern boundary of the New Center area of Detroit.</p><br>
<p>In 2022, one of Detroit&#39;s last remaining brick streets, built in 1907 in Virginia Park, began a $2 million rehabilitation. Stretching three blocks along Virginia Park Street between Woodward Ave, and the Lodge Freeway. As many as 20,000 age-appropriate Nelsonville block pavers have been assembled for the repair work.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Virginia Park District was platted as a series of lots 50 feet wide and 163 feet deep. The original restrictions in the neighborhood ensured a uniformity in the streetscape. All buildings are constructed of brick or stone, and have the same setback from the street. All are single family houses, with no more than one house on each fifty foot lot.</p><br>
<p>At the time of its historic designation, the district included 57 structures, all but three of which contribute to the historic character of neighborhood. Non-contributing structures included an apartment building at 650 Virginia Park, an office building at 613 Virginia Park, and a hospital (demolished in 2014) at 801-831 Virginia Park. Fifty-one of the contributing structures were used as homes, two as offices and one as a rest home. The residences were constructed between 1895 and 1915, with the older structures placed closer to Woodward, and newer ones, in general, farther westward.</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>The area is zoned to Detroit Public Schools.</p><br>
<p>All residents are zoned to Thirkell Elementary School, Hutchins Middle School, and Northwestern High School.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>The Albert Kahn House is in Midtown Detroit, Michigan, within the Brush Park district. It is currently the headquarters of the Detroit Urban League. The house was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1971 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1906, architect Albert Kahn built a home for his personal use in Brush Park. In 1921, Kahn added a bathroom to the master suite. In 1928, as his business and social connections grew, Kahn added a wing to house his library and art collection.</p><br>
<p>Albert Kahn lived in the home from 1906 until his death in 1942. The Detroit Urban League obtained the building two years later. They continue to use it for their offices.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Kahn&#39;s home is a two-story English Renaissance house, but with modern look.</p><br>
<p>The house is soundproof and fireproof, with each floor constructed of reinforced concrete with wooden sleepers overtop, supporting the finished wood floors. On the first floor, the hall and dining room is finished in paneling, and the den is finished in half timber and half plaster. A kitchen and servants room is also located on the first floor. The second floor originally housed five bedrooms, two bathrooms and a sewing room; the 1921 renovation added a bathroom. The attic originally contained an extra servant, but was later renovated to house two rooms and a bath. The 1928 expansion added a large gallery to the first floor, with a new garage behind, Over the gallery and garage are an additional guest bedroom, den and bath, and an additional servants bed and bath.</p><br>
<p>Washington Park Historic District, also known as Washington Square is a historic district in and around Washington Park in the city of Ottawa, Illinois, United States. Washington Park was the site of the first Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858 and is surrounded by several historic structures. The park was platted in 1831 and the historic district was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Boundaries</h2><br>
<p>The boundaries of the Washington Park Historic District are limited to the area around Washington Park, known as Washington Square. On its north, the district is bounded by the east-west Lafayette Street, on the south by Jackson Street. The east side of the district is bounded by Columbus street, and the west side by LaSalle Street. The historic district includes seven separate properties as contributing members, there were originally eight but one has been demolished since the district was designated.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Washington Park was platted in 1831 and created by the Illinois-Michigan Canal Commission when the "states addition" of Ottawa was laid out. This was part of the original plat for the city. The park was the site of the first Lincoln-Douglas debate in 1858, and has served other civic functions through the years. In 1973 the park and surrounding area was designated a historic district by the USA National Register of Historic Places and several of the properties have local landmark designations as well. In 2002 a project to install Lincoln-Douglas debate statues was undertaken and completed.</p><br>
<h2>Washington Park</h2><br>
<p>Washington Park occupies a square of one city block on the edge of downtown Ottawa and is surrounded by several significant historic structures. Within the park are objects and structures such as the 1873 Civil War Memorial, cannons from the Civil War, World War I and World War II, and a marker noting the site of the first Lincoln-Douglas debate.</p><br>
<p>The parks central patio is dominated by a fountain and reflecting pool centered with larger-than-life depictions of Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas. The fountain and reflecting pools, and thus, the statues, are in a plaza which is surrounded by limestone. The statue project was completed by artist Rebecca Childers Caleel with metal casting completed by Art Casting of Illinois. The bronze statues were completed under the guidance of the citys historic preservation commission and dedicated on September 14, 2002. The Lincoln statue is 11 ft tall and the Douglas statue is 9 ft tall. Because of their recent installation, the statues are not part of the historic district.</p><br>
<p>The park has been popular during the holiday season as well as being a major focus of civic life in Ottawa from the 1850s into the present. In addition to the historical features within and surrounding the park there are features more traditional to parks such as greenspace, benches, lighting and walkways. Plant life includes well-manicured lawns, shade trees, evergreens, and tea roses.</p><br>
<h2>Historic properties</h2><br>
<h3>3rd Appellate Court</h3><br>
<p>The Third District Appellate Court Building is found on the northeast corner of the square. The court building was constructed between 1857–60 and served as one of the Illinois State Supreme Court buildings for a decade. The court in Ottawa, one of five in the state of Illinois, played a role in drawing the Lincoln-Douglas Debate to the city.</p><br>
<p>The Third District Appellate Court building is an example of Classical Revival architecture. It features dominating Doric columns, as well as a large pediment. The central portion was built during the original construction period at a cost of nearly US$230,000. The buildings wings were added on in 1877. The building is constructed of red brick and detailed in Joliet limestone. These features, coupled with the Classical elements give the structure an architectural harmony. Because of this harmony the Ottawa Community Art Council has deemed the Third District Appellate Courthouse, "one of Ottawas most handsome public buildings".</p><br>
<h3>Civil War Memorial</h3><br>
<p>The Civil War Memorial in Washington Park is a marble memorial column erected in 1873. The monument and statue atop it, known as the Goddess of Liberty, pays tribute to LaSalle County American Civil War veterans. The marble faces contain the name of over 800 Civil War dead but most of the names are unreadable due to deterioration.</p><br>
<h3>Congregational Church</h3><br>
<p>The Ottawa First Congregational Church was constructed near the intersection Jackson and Columbus Streets facing Washington Park in 1870.</p><br>
<h3>Christ Episcopal Church</h3><br>
<p>Christ Episcopal Church, is the architecturally superior of the two churches located on Washington Square. Found at the intersection of Lafayette and Columbus Streets, the church is opposite the Third District Appellate Courthouse. The building features a "Wallace Window" depicting the Resurrection. It was designed by German artist Julius Hübner.</p><br>
<h3>Lincoln-Douglas debate site</h3><br>
<p>On August 21, 1858, the first of the Lincoln-Douglas debates was held in Ottawa&#39;s Washington Park. The site of the debate is marked by a large boulder affixed with a plaque. The day of the debates 10,000 people flocked to Washington Square. Salesmen sold their wares to the mingling crowd and excited politicians were canvassing and quarreling throughout the park.</p><br>
<h3>Popcorn wagon</h3><br>
<p>On the southwest corner of Washington Park is a largely unaltered c. 1890s working popcorn wagon.</p><br>
<h3>William Reddick Mansion</h3><br>
<p>The Reddick Mansion, alternatively Reddicks Library, was constructed in or around 1856 by then-sheriff William Reddick. The building occupies the lot opposite the Third Appellate Court and cost $40,000 to construct. Reddick served in the Illinois State Senate and returned to live in Ottawa, and the house, when he left office. He was known as one of Ottawas colorful characters of the day and as a humanitarian. It is reported that Reddick housed runaway slaves in his mansion as a "station" on the Underground Railroad. He lived in the mansion until died in 1885.</p><br>
<p>Reddick&#39;s will stipulated that the mansion be turned into a public library upon his death and he left an endowment of $100,000 to help accomplish that goal.</p><br>
<p>Architecturally the Reddick Mansion conforms to Italianate style, of which it is a fine example. In the home&#39;s details, the brick and stone work, as well as the woodwork below the cornice and under the eaves are of particular architectural interest.</p><br>
<h2>Other properties</h2><br>
<p>Within the historic district boundaries are properties that were once part of the district that have been demolished or removed. The LaSalle County Jail building was standing when the district was designated but it has since been demolished. Within Washington Park there were original 1857 gas lamps oriented in a circle as a memorial to W.D. Boyce, Ottawan and founder of the Boy Scouts of America. The lamps were located where the reflecting pool is today.</p><br>
<p>There are also properties that are not considered a part of the district, or what is known as "non-contributing properties". Before the 1980s most USA historic district listings did not keep track of non-contributing properties but today, the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency&#39;s HAARGIS Database does. The 1910 Masonic Temple building, a non-contributing property, is located on Columbus Street, between the two contributing churches.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>Washington Square is of special historic significance because it hosted the first of the famous Lincoln-Douglas Debates. The debates lasted three hours under the hot August sun and focused on the issues of popular sovereignty and slavery which set the tone for the other debates to come in 1858.</p><br>
<p>The William E. Borah Apartment at Windsor Lodge is a historic apartment in a 16-unit apartment building at 2139-2141 Wyoming Avenue NW in Washington, D.C. Apartment 21 in the building was a long-time home of William Edgar Borah , a USA Senator from Idaho and a candidate for president in 1936. Borah was a leading figure in American foreign policy in the years after World War I, contributing to the American non-acceptance of the League of Nations and the acceptance of the Washington Naval Treaty of the early 1920s. This apartment is the best-preserved surviving residence of Borah; for its association with his life, the entire building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The apartment complex formerly known as Windsor Lodge is located in Washingtons Sheridan-Kalorama neighborhood, at the northeastern corner of Wyoming Avenue NW and Thornton Place NW. It consists of two four-story buildings joined by a party wall in a rear connecting section to form a U shape. Its walls are formed out of red brick that has been painted a cream color. The two halves of the building are stylistically similar, but are not identical, differing in plan and detail. Each has its main entrance in the center of its front facade; that on the left is sheltered by a wide bracketed hood that also forms a balcony on the second floor, while the right one has a more elaborate porch. William Borahs apartment was the one on the second floor right side of the eastern half.</p><br>
<p>Borah, a native of Illinois, studied law with his brother-in-law, and established a successful criminal law practice in Boise, Idaho in 1890. He soon became active in Republican Party politics, and won election to the United States Senate in 1907. There he became an influential member of the Foreign Relations Committee. He reluctantly supported US entry into World War I, but vociferously opposed the Treaty of Versailles and the creation of the League of Nations. He was somewhat maverick in his positions, frequently butting heads with party leadership, and sometimes supporting Democratic legislation. He was an outspoken progressive in the party when many of its members were more conservative.</p><br>
<p>This apartment served as William Borah&#39;s principal residence from 1913, not long after it was built, until 1929. It is one of two residences closely associated with his life; the other is also nearby in Washington. He did not own a home in Idaho.</p><br>
<p>The Oscar W. Underwood House is a historic house located in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood Northwest, Washington, D.C. It is nationally significant for its association with Major Archibald Butt , and painter Francis Davis Millet – both of whom died in the Titanic disaster on April 15, 1912 – and also Alabama politician Oscar Underwood  who lived there 1914–1925. It was the first long-term home of the Washington College of Law, the nation&#39;s first law school founded and run by women. The property was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976. The building presently houses a legal aid clinic operated by George Washington University.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Oscar Underwood House stands in Washington&#39;s Foggy Bottom neighborhood, at the southwest corner of G and 20th Streets NW. It is a -story brick building, with a mansard roof providing a full third floor over its main block. It is one of three similar row houses extending along G Street. Its main facade is three bays wide, with the entrance in the rightmost bay. The entrance and windows are set in segmented-arch openings with bracketed and eared stone hoods, the windows with bracketed sills. The mansard roof is pierced by dormers on both the front and side, with round-arch windows framed by pilastered and pedimented gables. The interior retains some of its original finishes, with larger rooms subdivided into offices.</p><br>
<p>The house is the only known residence to survive relatively intact from the period of its association with Oscar Underwood. Underwood was a conservative Southern Democrat at the height of his influence in the first decades of the 20th century. He served in major leadership positions in both houses of Congress, and was several times a serious contender for the Democrat nomination for President of the United States. In 1926 he retired to the Woodlawn plantation.</p><br>
<p>After Underwood left the house, it was acquired by the Washington College of Law. It was founded in 1898 by Ellen Spencer Mussey and Emma Gillett, who were both refused admission to several law schools but eventually entered the bar despite that handicap. Working with limited financial resources, the school occupied a number of inadequate quarters for the first quarter century of its existence, eventually raising funds in 1920 for its first permanent home on K Street. It soon outgrew that, and purchased this building from Senator Underwood in 1924. It remained the schools home until 1952, having merged into the American University in 1949. Some of the schools many early female graduates were instrumental in legal aspects of gaining women&#39;s suffrage in the 1910s and 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The Andrew J. O&#39;Conor III House, also referred to as "Riverbend" and "Buena Vista," is a historic home in the city of Ottawa, Illinois, United States. The structure that exists today was originally constructed in 1848 and underwent major remodeling in 1922. The house was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original house at the site was constructed sometime in the early 1840s by Henry Green, a New Hampshire native who settled in Ottawa around 1834. While Green had built three different homes on the site, the Italianate mansion he completed by 1848 is the only structure that still exists. Henry Green sold this Italianate mansion to William H.W. Cushman in 1848. Cushman named the home "Buena Vista," and lived there with his family until he sold it to N.B. Bristol in 1869. The property changed hands several times, and passed under the ownership of Oliver Cromwell Gray, Hiram Thornton Gilbert, James W. Duncan, and Martha L. Buell. Ottawa attorney Andrew J. OConor III bought the house and property in 1920. The OConor&#39;s, who renamed the home "Riverbend," completed an extensive renovation of the home in 1923. The result was a 5,100 ft&sup2; house surrounded by a spacious yard with a commanding view of the Fox River.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The OConor House was designed by native Ottawan Norman Cook, a lifelong friend of the OConor family who designed several other significant buildings in LaSalle County. The Colonial Revival O&#39;Conor House has in its windows, cornices and entrances the principal areas of Colonial Revival style.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>The Andrew J. O&#39;Conor was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on April 22, 1993. It is most significant for its architecture, which is one of the best remaining examples of the colonial revival style in the area. Several of its previous owners have served in the Illinois General Assembly. While there are many anecdotes and stories about President Abraham Lincoln visiting the home on several occasions when he was in Ottawa throughout his life, including appearances in Ottawa before the Illinois State Supreme Court in June 1851 and December 1852, so far there is no definitive documentary evidence that proves Abraham Lincoln visited or stayed in the home, but there is a strong likelihood. Ottawa businessman William H.W. Cushman and his third wife, Anna Caesaria Rodney, lived in the home from 1848 until it was sold in 1869. Rodney, the daughter of USA Attorney General Caesar Augustus Rodney and granddaughter of Thomas Rodney, was well connected to the prominent political figures and families of the United States throughout the 19th Century, including Mary Todd and her future husband, Abraham Lincoln. Prior to her 1843 marriage to Cushman, Rodney was one of three bridesmaids to Mary Todd Lincoln in her wedding to Abraham Lincoln in Springfield, Illinois on November 4, 1842.</p><br>
<p>The Fisher–Nash–Griggs House, also known as the Cottage Home, is a historic high-style Greek Revival house in the city of Ottawa, Illinois, United States. It was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Fisher–Nash–Griggs House, named for its first three owners, was built c. 1852&ndash;57 on Ottawa Avenue in Ottawa, Illinois. Between its construction and 1916 the home underwent a number of additions and renovations, all styled in Classical or Greek Revival.</p><br>
<p>George Smith Fisher had the northern part of the house built in the mid-1850s. It is thought to have been designed by Sylvanius Grow, who also designed the nearby John Hossack House. At some point before 1857, the Fishers added a dining room on the south. The house was expanded again in the early 1860s, extending farther south and adding a western bedroom and a summer kitchen. John Fiske Nash purchased the house in the 1870s and added a bathroom and vault area on the west wing. In 1910, the added an eastern bathroom, then extended the front porch with Ionic order columns two years later. In 1915, they added the porte-cochere on the east. The next year, they extended the east side and added a second floor. These were the last significant changes to the architecture of the house.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is setback from Ottawa Avenue about 100 ft; the street itself is a boulevard and one of the widest in the city. Ottawa Avenue is divided by a grassy tree-dotted median which is crowned on its west end by a Classical Revival war memorial. The house, of brick construction, is an example of high-style Greek Revival architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>The house is significant for its architecture as a good local example of high-style Greek Revival architecture with Classical Revival updates. The Fisher–Nash–Griggs House was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on November 27, 1998.</p><br>
<p>Edgehill Church at Spuyten Duyvil is a former United Church of Christ parish church located at 2570 Independence Avenue in the Spuyten Duyvil neighborhood of The Bronx in New York City. Its congregation was founded in 1869 as the mission chapel affiliated with the Riverdale Presbyterian Church, serving the workers at the nearby Johnson Iron Foundry. The church, described by the AIA Guide to New York City as a "picturesque eclectic sanctuary", was designed by architect Francis Kimball in a mixture of styles &ndash; Romanesque Revival, Tudor Revival and Shingle style It features stained glass windows designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany.</p><br>
<p>By 1977, the church&#39;s congregation had fallen dramatically. Plans were announced to close the church and convert it into a community center, the pastoral leadership was assumed by the Rev. Dr. William A. Tieck, a retired Methodist, who led the congregation until his death in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The church was designated a New York City landmark in 1980 under the name "Riverdale Presbyterian Chapel", and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on 1982.</p><br>
<p>In 2022, Edgehill Church was turned over to the Kingsbridge Historical Society, the oldest historical society in The Bronx.</p><br>
<p>The American Red Cross National Headquarters is located at 430 17th Street NW in Washington, D.C. Built between 1915 and 1917, it serves both as a memorial to women who served in the American Civil War and as the headquarters building for the American Red Cross.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The national headquarters of the American Red Cross is located in central Washington, D.C., on the east side of a city block bounded by 17th, D, and E Streets NW. This block, on the west side of The Ellipse south of the White House, is entirely devoted to Red Cross facilities. The main headquarters building is a large stone structure, faced in white Vermont marble. It is three stories in height, its third floor recessed behind a balustrade. Its east-facing main facade has a central classical temple portico, with six Corinthian columns supporting a gabled pediment with a red cross at the center. The flanking building bays are articulated by attached Corinthian columns. The main bronze doorways lead into a large central marble entrance hall, with a broad stairway to the second floor. Niches in the hall are filled with sculptural depictions of "Faith", "Hope", and "Charity", executed by Hiram Powers.</p><br>
<h3>Tiffany windows</h3><br>
<p>The Board of Governors room contains three Favrile windows by designer Louis Comfort Tiffany. The windows are notable for being the largest suite of Tiffany windows outside a religious building. Unlike many other Tiffany windows, these windows have remained in their original setting. The costs of these windows were donated by two organizations of Civil War women: the Womans Relief Corps of the North and the United Daughters of the Confederacy. The left panel was based on Henry Wadsworth Longfellows poem, "Santa Filomena" that honored the work of Florence Nightingale. The center panel depicts the conception of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement at the Battle of Solferino near Solferino, Italy. The right panel depicts a scene from Edmund Spenser&#39;s poem "The Faerie Queene".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The American Red Cross was founded in 1881 in the aftermath of the American Civil War as a unique public-private partnership for providing disaster relief and medical support for military forces. This headquarters building was built between 1915 and 1917 to a design by Trowbridge & Livingston. It cost approximately $800,000 and was dedicated on May 12, 1917.</p><br>
<p>The John Hossack House is a historic house in Ottawa, Illinois, United States. It was built in 1854&ndash;55 and was a "station" on the Underground Railroad. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The John Hossack House was built in 1854&ndash;55 by John Hossack, a Scottish born Ottawan. Hossack had worked on the Illinois-Michigan Canal in Chicago before arriving in Ottawa. Hossack was an abolitionist who hid as many as 13 fugitive slaves in his house as a stop on the Underground Railroad. In a famous 1860 case involving fugitive slave Jim Gray, Hossack and other Ottawans were convicted in Federal Court in Chicago of violating the Fugitive Slave law.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The John Hossack House is considered one of Ottawa&#39;s most beautiful houses. It is sited on the banks of the Illinois River overlooking the city. The building was designed by Sylvanus Grow and constructed by Alonzo Edwards. The house is a good example of Greek Revival architecture. Its details and proportions draw a conscious connection to the Classical tradition.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>The house is significant for its role as part of the Underground Railroad as well as the commercial and political significance of its original owner. The John Hossack House was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on March 16, 1972.</p><br>
<p>The United Mine Workers of America Building is an historic building at 900 Fifteenth St. NW in the Downtown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Built in 1912 as the home of the University Club, a private social club, it was from 1936 to 1999 as the international headquarters of the United Mine Workers. Under the leadership of John L. Lewis, the union played a major role in improving working conditions and pay for a large number of mine workers, with Lewis eventually founding the Congress of Industrial Organizations to improve conditions for other types of laborers. The building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2005. The upper floors of the building have been converted to residences.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former United Mine Workers of America Building is located in downtown Washington, at the northwest corner of "I" and 15th Streets NW. One facade faces east toward McPherson Square across 15th Street, the other toward I Street. It is a six-story masonry structure, with a frame of steel and terra cotta blocks and an exterior facing of brick, limestone and bluestone. It is essentially Renaissance Revival in style, with tall rounded-arch windows on the second level, which serves as a piano nobile. The first two levels are finished in limestone, the ground floor with a rusticated finish, while the upper floors are mainly clad in buff brick.</p><br>
<p>The building was originally constructed in 1912 as a five-story building to a design by George Totten, for the University Club, a private social club whose membership included many of the leading men in the city. At that time the second level was primarily a large social space, and the upper floors housed private rooms for the membership. In 1936, the club sold the building to the UMW. It restyled the interior of the building, converting the second floor into a series of meeting spaces and the office of the union president, while the upper levels were used for offices. It also added the sixth floor, removing an elaborate cornice in the process. The UMW vacated the building in 1999, and it has since been adapted for use as a primarily residential space, in part by connecting it to adjoining buildings.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s historic significance comes mainly from its role as the UMW headquarters. The union was a major in lobbying for labor-friendly legislation during the New Deal years, and its president, John L. Lewis, was influential in broader labor organizing, founding the CIO in 1935 when the American Federation of Labor refused to support the organization of semi-skilled laborers. Lewis served as the UMW president from 1920 until 1960.</p><br>
<p>The Babcock–Smith House is a historic house in Westerly, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<p>The house was built around 1734. Dr. Joshua Babcock, a correspondent with Benjamin Franklin, lived in the house and hosted both Franklin and General George Washington at the home. Babcock served also as a general in the state militia, as a justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court, and as Westerly&#39;s first postmaster in the 1770s. He operated the post office and a general store out of this house. Babcock died in 1783 and "his family occupied the house until 1817. When his second wife, Anna Maxson Babcock, died in 1812, the property was passed to Dudley Babcock. Dudley, having lost some ships in the war of 1812 and unable to pay some debts, sold the house to his distant cousin, Oliver Wells, in 1817. Mr. Wells used it as a prosperous tenant farm, however the house was allowed to fall into disrepair."</p><br>
<p>Orlando Smith bought the property in 1848; he repaired the house and started a successful granite business based on a granite outcrop he had discovered there.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places and became a museum in 1972.</p><br>
<p>Browning&#39;s Beach Historic District is a historic district west of the junction between Card Pond and Matunuck Beach Roads in South Kingstown, Rhode Island. It encompasses a cluster of four beach houses located on a barrier beach facing Long Island Sound south of Cards Pond, and accessed via a private gravel drive extending from Cards Pond Road. The four houses, along with several outbuildings, were built in the early years of the 20th century, and are architecturally diverse expressions of Queen Anne, Shingle, and Colonial Revival elements. Typical architectural elements include shingle siding, recessed porches, and chalet-style roofs.</p><br>
<p>Unfortunately, erosion and storms like Hurricane Sandy in 2012 caused damage to the beaches and houses. The four houses are know all on pegs and have been moved back from their original locations.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Mary Church Terrell House is a historic house at 326 T Street NW in Washington, D.C. It was a home of civil rights leader Mary Church Terrell , the first black woman to serve on an American school board, and a leading force in the desegregation of public accommodations in the nation&#39;s capital. Her home in the LeDroit Park section of Washington, DC was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1975. The building is a contributing property in the LeDroit Park Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Mary Church Terrell House stands in Washington&#39;s LeDroit Park neighborhood, southeast of Howard University, on the south side of T Street between 3rd and 4th Streets. It is a -story brick half-house, set on a nearly full-height raised basement. The front facade has a single bay, consisting of a polygonal window bay at the basement and first level, and a large segmented-arch window on the second floor. A smaller window is located in the half-gable above, with half of a round window set in a bed of Victorian shingles at the peak. The main entrance is via a porch on the left side; the right side of the building is a plain brick party wall for a non-existent right side.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mary Church Terrell was born in Tennessee and educated at Oberlin College. She became a school teacher in Washington 1887, and married Robert Heberton Terrell, a prominent African-American attorney, in 1891. She stopped working at that time, but remained engaged in efforts to improve the districts schools. In 1895 she was appointed to the districts school board, the first African-American woman in the nation to sit on such a board. She served two terms, seeking to improve the quality of the district schools. She was a founder and first president of the National Association of Colored Women, and supported broad-based efforts at achieving womens suffrage. In the 1950s she was involved in efforts to challenge the districts lack of enforcement of public accommodation laws originally passed in the 1870s, participating in actions resulting in the favorable District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co. decision.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>Since the house has been unoccupied for a number of years, the condition was degrading and apparent to even a casual observer. In the summer of 2008 a restoration was started primarily supported in by a grant from the National Park Service Save America&#39;s Treasures program. Additional support came from Howard University, the US Department of Housing and Urban Development, the DC Office of Planning and the National Trust for Historic Preservation.</p><br>
<p>Based on outside observation, it appears the brick work was repaired and re-pointing, major structural problems on outside porches, windows support and trim were fixed, the roof was repaired and the windows were covered properly using plywood. Since this was finished in the Summer of 2009, no more work appears to have been done.</p><br>
<h2>Additional information</h2><br>
<p>A call to the National Park Service in November, 2019 confirmed that the home is privately owned and not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The Central Street Historic District of Narragansett, Rhode Island is a historic district on both sides of Central Street from Fifth Avenue to Boon Street in Narragansett. It encompasses a collection of well-preserved summer houses built for the most part between 1880 and the 1920s, as well as the traditional civic core of the town. The area is characterized by smaller wood-frame homes, generally either 1-1/2 or stories in height, set on small lots. It includes three church buildings , all of which were built between 1870 and 1900, and the former Fifth Avenue School, which now serves as Narragansett&#39;s town hall.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Peleg Champlin House is an historic house on Rodman Pond Lane in western New Shoreham, on Block Island, in Rhode Island. It is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a side-gable roof and a large central chimney. An ell extends from the back  side of the house. The Federal style wooden house was built c. 1820 by Peleg Champlin, a farmer from one of the island&#39;s older families. The house is one of the best-preserved houses of the period on the island.</p><br>
<p>The residence was added to the National Historic Register in 1982, after a campaign led by Ronald Reagan.</p><br>
<p>The Cottrell House is a historic house in South Kingstown, Rhode Island. The house is the centerpiece of a working farm complex which includes 73 acre of land, and is one of South Kingstown&#39;s last working farms. The house, built c. 1790, is a fairly typical Federal style structure, stories tall, five bays wide, with a large central chimney. The main barn, located south of the house, is believed to be contemporary to the house, although it has undergone some alteration and extension in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Crowfield Historic District is a small residential historic district in North Kingstown, Rhode Island. It encompasses a cluster of four early 20th-century summer houses, all connected via family or friendship connections to the writer Owen Wister. The occupy a large parcel of land sloping down to the shore of Narragansett Bay on the east side of Boston Neck Road, a short way north of the Jamestown Verrazzano Bridge. The area was named "Crowfield" by Elizabeth Middleton Cope, who built a Shingle-style mansion in 1906. Owen Wister, her uncle, built his house, Champ de Corbeau, in 1909-10 to a design by Grant Lafarge. The Jamieson House was also built in 1906, and was designed by the same architect, James P. Jamieson. The fourth house, Orchard House, was built in 1924. All are Shingle style houses. The compound is unusual for North Kingstown, where most summer estates were isolated individual properties.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Twelfth Street YMCA Building, also known as Anthony Bowen YMCA, was home to the first African American chapter of YMCA, founded in 1853 by Anthony Bowen. It is located at 1816 12th Street NW in the U Street Corridor  neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The building was reopened on February 20, 2000, as the Thurgood Marshall Center in honor of the first African American Associate Justice to serve on the United States Supreme Court. The Thurgood Marshall Center now serves as a community center for residents of the U Street Corridor and Shaw neighborhoods. The permanent organization of Phi Beta Sigma fraternity was established in the Bowen Room.</p><br>
<p>Completed in 1912, the Renaissance Revival building was designed by William Sidney Pittman, one of the United States&#39; first African American architects and a son-in-law of Booker T. Washington. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1994 and is a contributing property to the Greater U Street Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Thurgood Marshall Center is located on the west side of 12th Street NW, between S and T Streets. It is a large rectangular four-story masonry building, built out of red brick with trim of limestone and gray brick. Its main facade is three bays wide, with a center entrance sheltered by a Tuscan portico with entablature, modillioned cornice, and low balustrade above. The ground floor is finished in bands of gray brick arranged to appear as rough stone, while the upper floors are red brick with gray brick corner quoining. Limestone stringcourses serve as a water table between the basement and first floor, between the first and second floors, and above the top floor. The building is crowned by a modillioned and dentillated cornice and a low balustrade. Windows are set in pairs in each bay, with limestone keystones.</p><br>
<p>The international YMCA was founded in Great Britain in 1844, and its first American branch opened in 1851. Anthony Bowen founded the first African-American branch of the organization in 1853 in Washington, one year after a branch for whites was opened in the city. The organization struggled financially in its early years, and was not formally incorporated until 1892. The organization moved into its first permanent home on 11th Street in 1891, which soon after had to be sold due to declining membership. After a membership drive revitalized the organization, it secured a pledge from John D. Rockefeller Sr. for $25,000, which was matched by fundraising from across the nation&#39;s African-American community. It is believed to be the first such campaign of its type in that community. This building was completed in 1912 to a design by African-American architect William Sidney Pittman.</p><br>
<p>In 1973 Twelfth Street YMCA was officially renamed Anthony Bowen YMCA in honor of its founder. It closed in 1982, suffering from declining membership and mounting building maintenance costs. Politicians Washington DC Congressional Delegate Walter E Fauntroy and Washington D.C Mayor Marion Barry lead several protest demanding the reopening due to its historical significance. In 1983, the building was nominated as Historic Landmark but not until 1989 that Congressional Delegate Walter Fauntroy introduced to Congress the bill to designate the Anthony Bowen Landmark Building (formerly the Anthony Bowen Y.M.C.A.) in Washington, the District of Columbia as a national historic site, declaring this historic building National Historic Landmark on October 12, 1994.</p><br>
<p>The restoration of the building started with Walter Fauntroy&#39;s plan to improve opportunities for neighborhood youth in the Shaw community. In 1983, in coordination with Real Estate developer George T. Farrell, Walter Fauntroy fully restored the building and adapted it for the use of the community by providing a full service health and recreational facility administered by the YMCA. The renovation spurred increased gentrification of the Shaw community from a low income enclave to a young urban professional locale bringing a surprising change for the current residents. The Antony Bowen YMCA operated as a community recreation center with gymnasium and library until it was again renovated to become the Thurgood Marshall Community Center under direction of the Thurgood Marshal Center Trust, Incorporated.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>John Warren Davis, fifth president of West Virginia State College, served as the executive secretary of the Twelfth Street YMCA from 1917 to 1919.</p><br>
